Additionally, buildings with foundations not properly sealed will allow water to flow through the walls due to capillary action of pores found in masonry products. Fort Knox High temperatures combine with the high dew point to create heat index in excess of 65C (149F). have more fog. During the summer months the average temperature lies at 35 C during the day, dropping to about 20 C at night. Over land, air forced up by the sea breeze front will begin to cool. Long-term average salt-fog concentrations are determined through the placement of an absorption device directly in the environment of interest, where ambient air is pumped at a constant flow rate of 0.8 L/min (Fig. When the temperature is high and the relative humidity is low, evaporation of water is rapid; soil dries, wet clothes hung on a line or rack dry quickly, and perspiration readily evaporates from the skin. "Cloud microphysics" is the study of droplet and ice crystal production and growth within clouds and their relationship to precipitation. The presence of the coast influences the humidity to rainfall relationship in the tropics; Coastally influenced rainfall can occur in drier atmospheres than over the Humidity: 84%. In situations where time is critical, increasing air flow through the device's internals, such as removing the side panel from a PC case and directing a fan to blow into the case, will reduce significantly the time needed to acclimatise to the new environment. P This index combines the effect of the air temperature with the speed of the wind. - Average annual temperature. mostly tropical, but temperate in south. For example, according to the heat index, a relative humidity of 75% at air temperature of 80.0F (26.7C) would feel like 83.6F 1.3F (28.7C 0.7C).[13][14]. WebIn the peninsula of Baja California, practically a continuation of California, the climate is very mild on the west coast, where daytime temperatures range from 19/20 degrees Celsius (66/68 F) in winter to 24/25 C (75/77 F) in summer in the northern part. Without other greenhouse gases, Earth's blackbody temperature, below the freezing point of water, would cause water vapor to be removed from the atmosphere. Absolute humidity (expressed as grams of water vapor per cubic meter volume of air) is a measure of the actual amount of water vapor (moisture) in the air, regardless of the air's temperature. The slower the movement of thunderstorms, the higher the rainfall potential in one area. Humidity plays an important role for surface life. This explains the low levels (in the absence of measures to add moisture) of humidity in heated structures during winter, resulting in dry skin, itchy eyes, and persistence of static electric charges. Also, if the atmosphere is as warm or warmer than the skin during times of high humidity, blood brought to the body surface cannot dissipate heat by conduction to the air. Why is it sticky and humid in coastal areas? Humidity is moisture in the air, or you know, WATER in the air. The coast is an area near a bo When relative humidity approaches 100%, condensation can occur on surfaces, leading to problems with mold, corrosion, decay, and other moisture-related deterioration. When the humidity is slight (Figure 5a), under the influence of northeasterly airflow, the AOD in the Guangxi area is high, but the effect of the GBA is relatively small, for which the AOD is 0.61. 1-Stop Winter Forecast High humidity/dewpoints in the summer and cold wind in the winter are important because they affect how our bodies "feel" when we are outside. and it could show because you need to have the humidity drop to a certain level in order to be within the parameters for a high fire danger. The air at the beach has a higher humidity because of the proximity to the sea. Warm air can possess more water vapor (moisture) than cold air, so with the same amount of absolute/specific humidity, air will have a HIGHER relative humidity if the air is cooler, and a LOWER relative humidity if the air is warmer. "Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy". [38], Very low humidity can create discomfort, respiratory problems, and aggravate allergies in some individuals. How important is tropospheric humidity for coastal Heat convection, to the surrounding air, and thermal radiation are the primary modes of heat transport from the body. "Density Altitude" is the pressure altitude adjusted for non-standard temperature. By comparison, thermal comfort standard ASHRAE 55 requires systems designed to control humidity to maintain a dew point of 16.8C (62.2F) though no lower humidity limit is established.[46]. Daily Temp/Precip Maps Questions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation is the absolute pressure expressed in millibars, and For climate control in buildings using HVAC systems, the key is to maintain the relative humidity at a comfortable rangelow enough to be comfortable but high enough to avoid problems associated with very dry air. WebIt occurs when cool, moist air from the north encounters warm, moist air, and it is intensified by orographic lifting and/or by coastal convergence. Jackson NOAA's Ten Signs of a Warming World: Humidity About 78% of the molecules in dry air are nitrogen (N2). At 100% relative humidity, air is saturated and at its dew point: the water vapor pressure would permit neither evaporation of nearby liquid water nor condensation to grow the nearby water; neither sublimation of nearby ice nor deposition to grow the nearby ice. {\displaystyle \phi )} Therefore, a change in relative humidity can be explained by a change in system temperature, a change in the volume of the system, or change in both of these system properties. Current Hazards This is called the "Wind Chill Index" (also known as "Wind Chill Factor"). Temperate e Conversely, decreasing temperature would also make some water condense, again making the final volume deviate from predicted by the ideal gas law. Data Discuss. When an electronic item is moved from a cold place (e.g., garage, car, shed, air conditioned space in the tropics) to a warm humid place (house, outside tropics), condensation may coat circuit boards and other insulators, leading to short circuit inside the equipment. [45] According to ASHRAE Standard 55-2017: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, indoor thermal comfort can be achieved through the PMV method with relative humidities ranging from 0% to 100%, depending on the levels of the other factors contributing to thermal comfort. Tornado History Humans are sensitive to humid air because the human body uses evaporative cooling as the primary mechanism to regulate temperature. WebTell students that this doesnt happen just in the United States. This causes discomfort such as sore eyes, dry skin, and drying out of mucosa, but humidifiers are not employed to raise it to comfortable mid-range levels because the volume of water required to be carried on board can be a significant weight penalty. In vehicles and pressure vessels such as pressurized airliners, submersibles and spacecraft, these considerations may be critical to safety, and complex environmental control systems including equipment to maintain pressure are needed. Station History Houston, Miami, San Diego, Osaka, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Tokyo also have an extreme humid period in their summer months. The enhancement factor is commonly used to correct the equilibrium vapor pressure of water vapor when empirical relationships, such as those developed by Wexler, Goff, and Gratch, are used to estimate the properties of psychrometric systems. During transpiration or evaporation, this latent heat is removed from surface liquid, cooling the earth's surface. R "Were in quite of a drought. Other formulas, such as the GoffGratch equation and the MagnusTetens approximation, are more complicated but yield better accuracy. All NOAA. Hot and sticky can happen anywhere the temperatures are high and so is the humidity. When there is enough moisture in the air the air can't except As such, Sooji Nam. Humidity depends on the temperature and pressure of the system of interest. The same amount of water vapor results in higher humidity in cool air t The sampling of air containing salt fogs is divided into two modes: long-term and short-term. British Indian Ocean Territory. {\displaystyle (p_{s})} Sufferers will often hyperventilate in response, causing sensations of numbness, faintness, and loss of concentration, among others. central United States and the coastal areas of Korea and Europe. Low-pressure areas are places where the atmosphere is relatively thin. Weather Test 3 | Science Quiz - Quizizz What is the number one factor that influences the temperature of most of Earth's locations? A useful rule of thumb is that the maximum absolute humidity doubles for every 20F (11C) increase in temperature. Answer. {\displaystyle (m_{H_{2}O})} One study in dogs found that mucus transport was lower at an absolute humidity of 9gwater/m3 than at 30gwater/m3. Data centers often monitor relative humidity levels for these reasons. Costa Rica Climate National Weather Service KY Mesonet, Latest Forecasts Darwin experiences an extremely humid wet season from December to April. Second, water vapor is the most abundant of all greenhouse gases. Under moderate humidity (Figure 5d), the value of AOD in the south of China is generally low. Relative humidity (RH) (expressed as a percent) also measures water vapor, but RELATIVE to the temperature of the air. Coastal Ecosystem - Amount of precipitation. Easy answer, partner. Q. How humid is Texas? A. Go to your bathroom, start the shower, and close the door. Turn on the hot water only and let it When the humidity is slight (Figure 5a), under the influence of northeasterly airflow, the AOD in the Guangxi area is high, but the effect of the GBA is relatively small, for which the AOD is 0.61. At this point, the storm has typically weakened, but it can still cause damage. Water vapor specifically absorbs and re-radiates radiation in this spectral band. ) Climate control refers to the control of temperature and relative humidity in buildings, vehicles and other enclosed spaces for the purpose of providing for human comfort, health and safety, and of meeting environmental requirements of machines, sensitive materials (for example, historic) and technical processes. WebNewport Municipal is 35 miles from Oregon Coast, so the actual climate in Oregon Coast can vary a bit. p Precipitable water values around or above 1 inch are common in the spring and summer east of the Rocky Mountains (including Kentucky). {\displaystyle T} The humidity in coastal areas is usually than Each atmospheric gas has its own vapor pressure, a measure of the Humans can be comfortable within a wide range of humidities depending on the temperaturefrom 30 to 70%[33]but ideally not above the Absolute (60F Dew Point),[34] between 40%[35] and 60%. While dewpoint is a more definitive measure of moisture content, it is the relative humidity that commonly is used to determine how hot and humid it "feels" to us in the spring and summer based on the combined effect of air temperature and humidity. Liquid water can usually be seen running along the aircraft skin, both on the inside and outside of the cabin. A good example is the Atacama of Chile. Warming some air containing a fog may cause that fog to evaporate, as the air between the water droplets becomes more able to hold water vapour. Does Humidity Affect Climate? | Sciencing National Weather Service In the summer the hot dry air is absorbed by this ocean and the temperature rarely climbs above 35C (95F). Lack of humidity can be a problem in houses with very high air-exchange rates. Which statement best explains the difference between the cities' climates? ", "Everything You Need to Know About Combustion Chemistry & Analysis Industrial Controls", "Indirect health effects of relative humidity in indoor environments", "Deriving the operational procedure for the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)", "New Equations for Computing Vapor Pressure and Enhancement Factor", 10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<1527:NEFCVP>2.0.CO;2, "Web application for thermal comfort visualization and calculation according to ASHRAE Standard 55", Convective available potential energy (CAPE), Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, High efficiency glandless circulating pump, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humidity&oldid=1139727835, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Brazil climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. The gravimetric method, while the most accurate, is very cumbersome. [24][25][26] Water vapor is thus a "slave" to the non-condensible greenhouse gases. Rivers and swamps are plentiful and dominate the landscape. However, it absorbs the infrared energy emitted (radiated) upward by the earth's surface, which is the reason that humid areas experience very little nocturnal cooling but dry desert regions cool considerably at night. If the system at State A is isobarically heated (heating with no change in system pressure), then the relative humidity of the system decreases because the equilibrium vapor pressure of water increases with increasing temperature. This area includes the coastal plains and the western slope of the Coastal Range from the Columbia River to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Air Masses And Their Characteristics have shorter growing seasons. Local Climate Pages Too low humidity may make materials brittle. Therefore, the stronger the wind is in the winter, the colder it feels to us and the lower is the wind chill index. Water vapor also is called moisture. Total annual rainfall is considerable, from 2,000 to 3,000 millimeters (80 to 120 inches). The dewpoint temperature, which provides a measure of the actual amount of water vapor in the air, is the temperature to which the air must be cooled in order for that air to be saturated. The temperature ranges from 20 C to 35 C (68 to 95 F). Subsequent warming of this air lowers its relative humidity. Relative humidity only considers the invisible water vapour. The humidity of an air and water vapor mixture is determined through the use of psychrometric charts if both the dry bulb temperature (T) and the wet bulb temperature (Tw) of the mixture are known. HEAT.gov What we "feel" outside is the actual amount of moisture (absolute humidity) in the air. WebSea level rises at about 2.3 millimeters (0.2 inch) every year, contributing to up to 900% more frequent flooding in coastal areas. The Treasure Coast is under a red flag warning, and fire and forest officials are on standby. Multiple locations were found. or Weather Stories (These are analogous to a thermometer and thermostat for temperature, respectively.). Absolute humidity in the atmosphere ranges from near zero to roughly 30g (1.1oz) per cubic metre when the air is saturated at 30C (86F).[8][9]. Location: Coastal Living It is measured as a percentage of the total amount of water the air can hold. Atlantic Ocean - Climate Concentration of water vapour present in the air, Relationship between absolute-, relative-humidity, and temperature. H Satellite water vapor imagery plays an important role in monitoring climate conditions (like the formation of thunderstorms) and in the development of weather forecasts. Buck has reported that, at sea level, the vapor pressure of water in saturated moist air amounts to an increase of approximately 0.5% over the equilibrium vapor pressure of pure water.[19]. The human body dissipates heat through perspiration and its evaporation. , which can be expressed as: The absolute humidity changes as air temperature or pressure changes, if the volume is not fixed. Relative humidity is normally expressed as a percentage; a higher percentage means that the airwater mixture is more humid. ten wettest places on earth (average annual precipitation) describes the annual average precipitation measured in both millimeters and inches for selected countries with climate extremes. Moisture In the absence of a foreign body on which droplets or crystals can nucleate, the relative humidity can exceed 100%, in which case the air is said to be supersaturated. f n to the saturated vapor pressure of pure water: The enhancement factor is equal to unity for ideal gas systems. Saturation may result in fog (at the surface) and clouds aloft (which consist of tiny water droplets suspended in the air). Outreach reverse direction the coastal areas bordering these currents will. Although humidity is an important factor for thermal comfort, humans are more sensitive to variations in temperature than they are to changes in relative humidity. The Etesians/ Meltemi The strong northerly winds which blow at times over the Aegean Sea and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea during the period May to October. WebThe rainiest month is August, with 100 mm (4 in) on average. Water Vapor Measurement, Methods and Instrumentation. Absolute humidity is the mass of the water vapor Certain production and technical processes and treatments in factories, laboratories, hospitals, and other facilities require specific relative humidity levels to be maintained using humidifiers, dehumidifiers and associated control systems. Visibility: 8 mi. "[49], Mucociliary clearance in the respiratory tract is also hindered by low humidity. Cities in parts of Asia and Oceania are among the most humid. Once the suspended precipitation particles grow to sufficient size, the air can no longer support their weight and precipitation falls from the clouds. WebThe air near the center of this low-pressure system usually will. Climate Graphs This, however, is misleadingthe amount of water vapor that enters (or can enter) a given space at a given temperature is almost independent of the amount of air (nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) Normally our weather, notably rain, comes from the oceans. The sun heats ocean waters causing warm water to rise. As this warm water rises it pushe As a result, absolute humidity in chemical engineering may refer to mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air, also known as the humidity ratio or mass mixing ratio (see "specific humidity" below), which is better suited for heat and mass balance calculations. A device used to measure humidity is called a hygrometer; one used to regulate it is called a humidistat, or sometimes hygrostat. 1997. If an air mass forms over land in the far north it is called continental polar. Bouvet Island. Lots of water hanging around being evaporated, which when there there is little wind to remove the humidity it all becomes a bit sticky as your swe Many humidity charts are given in g/kg or kg/kg, but any mass units may be used. In this way, humidity can be considered a greenhouse gas. Nationwide Weather Stories In other words, relative humidity is the ratio of how much water vapour is in the air and how much water vapour the air could potentially contain at a given temperature. Low Temp: 40 F. tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds A device used to measure humidity of air is called a psychrometer or hygrometer. answer choices . semiarid; warm winters and hot summers. During the South-west and North-east Monsoon seasons (respectively, late May to September and November to March), expect heavy rains and a relatively high humidity post-rainfall. Thus, the relative humidity will drop by a factor of 2 for each 20F (11C) increase in temperature, assuming conservation of absolute moisture. Meteorologists are not just interested in dewpoint or absolute humidity at the surface, but aloft as well. ) The low humidity is a consequence of drawing in the very cold air with a low absolute humidity, which is found at airliner cruising altitudes. Long-term average salt-fog concentrations are determined through the placement of an absorption device directly in the environment of interest, where ambient air is pumped at a constant flow rate of 0.8 L/min (Fig. Solutions for energy-efficient buildings that avoid condensation are a current topic of architecture. Outside the monsoon seasons, humidity is high (in comparison to countries further from the Equator), but completely sunny days abound. LMK Warning Area This fraction more accurately follows the ideal gas law. WebThis region is characterized by heat and humidity and by the existence of a rainy season and dry season. [20] For process on-line measurements, the most commonly used sensors nowadays are based on capacitance measurements to measure relative humidity,[21] frequently with internal conversions to display absolute humidity as well. ) For example, because humidity reduces ambient oxygen concentrations (dry air is typically 20.9% oxygen, but at 100% relative humidity the air is 20.4% oxygen), flue gas fans must intake air at a higher rate than would otherwise be required to maintain the same firing rate. Fire Weather Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. If significant, these added factors help explain why rainfall totals from thunderstorms can exceed actual PW values of the air in which the storms are occurring. Humidity - Wikipedia Mists, clouds, fogs and aerosols of water do not count towards the measure of relative humidity of the air, although their presence is an indication that a body of air may be close to the dew point. For instance, high humidity inside a vehicle can lead to problems of condensation, such as misting of windshields and shorting of electrical components. WebUpslope winds more than 10 to 12 knots usually result in stratus rather than fog. Water vapor, like a green lens that allows green light to pass through it but absorbs red light, is a "selective absorber". The most humid cities on Earth are generally located closer to the equator, near coastal regions. It isnt always, it depends on if the moist air is blowing in from the ocean or dry air is blowing out from the land. Also, in winter if the water From what I hear, as the Gulf (the body of water than impacts my area of the country, as it heats in the late spring and summer, a high pressure an National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The day-to-day fire weather in a given area depends, to a large extent, on either the character of the prevailing air mass, or the interaction of two or more air masses. The CBE Thermal Comfort Tool can be used to demonstrate the effect of relative humidity for specific thermal comfort conditions and it can be used to demonstrate compliance with ASHRAE Standard 55-2017. The sun shines throughout the year, and the rare rains fall from November to March; rainfall totals around arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers, temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters, mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter, arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer, tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation, temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers, semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April), tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds, the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth; severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing; summers characterized by continuous daylight, while winters bring continuous darkness; persistent high pressure over the interior brings dry, subsiding air that results in very little cloud cover, tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation, polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature range; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow, mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest, highland continental, hot summers, cold winters, tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation, tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cabo Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most frequent from August to November, generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north, temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers, tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream, arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers, tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October), cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime, temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy, tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May), tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north, subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter, varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas, varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid, hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast, tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds, subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds, temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers, three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert, tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April), equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees Celsius but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January), temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic, tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation, varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north, varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north, tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April), tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers, temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south, extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north, tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds, tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees Celsius, wet season (May to October), tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year, tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands, tropical marine; rainy season (November to May), tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October), tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator, tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March, tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands, tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October), Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast, tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October), tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in mild temperatures; semiarid with average rainfall of 60 cm/year, temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters, temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers, tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall, tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall, tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands, desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters, tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands, hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands, maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers, tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation, cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south, cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 60 cm in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but typically does not accumulate, mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy, tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation, cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes.