Measured around the Equator, it is 40,075.017 km (24,901.461 mi). e There are two principal radii of curvature: along the meridional and prime-vertical normal sections. . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The circumference of the Earth is the length or distance measured around it. We invite readers to visit us daily, explore topics of interest, and gain new perspectives along the way. In summary, local variations in terrain prevent defining a single "precise" radius. If one point had appeared due east of the other, one finds the approximate curvature in the eastwest direction. 0 What is the radius of Earth in exponential form? b : the third and usually largest vein of an insect's wing. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. f View this answer. While carbon dioxide gas is invisible, the very cold gas , Turbines produce noise and alter visual aesthetics. [9] What physical measurement / elevation is used to define Earths radius? Note that this arc is along a great circle. As satellite remote sensing and especially the Global Positioning System gained importance, true global models were developed which, while not as accurate for regional work, best approximate the Earth as a whole. The dashed line designates the radius to one point on the surface. Using the following data: the volume of a sphere = (4/3) (pi)R 3 Radius of the earth= 6.3106 m. Mass of earth= 5.9742 10 24 kilograms. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earth's surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. Last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes, Satellites Reveal A Mystery Of Large Change In Earth's Gravity Field, NASA's Grace Finds Greenland Melting Faster, 'Sees' Sumatra Quake, "Discover-TheWorld.com Guam POINTS OF INTEREST Don't Miss Mariana Trench", "Mean radius, mass, and inertia for reference Earth models", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earth_radius&oldid=1138658294, WGS-84 ellipsoid, polar radius of curvature (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Mean radius of semi-axes (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Area (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Volume (, meridional radius of curvature at the equator, This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43. It has an average density of 5.5 g/cm3. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pJ} }^{\mathrm {N} }} 903 mi) at the poles and 6371. r = m v 2 F c . Aristotle (384-322 BC) was among the first to recognize the fact of our planet being a round sphere. West can be exchanged for east in this discussion. [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. ] Radius refers to a line that connects to the centre point of a circle to any point on its outside layer. A nominal Earth radius is sometimes used as a unit of measurement in astronomy and geophysics, which is recommended by the International Astronomical Union to be the equatorial value.[1]. Each pair measured the position from the sun, in the same manner the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes exceeded 2000 years back in Alexandria, Egyptby evaluating the size of an item to the size of its shadow, measured at local noon. z Acceleration due to gravity is a vector, which means it has both a magnitudeand a direction. det Explanation: The Earth's radius (r) is 6371 km or 3959 miles, based on numbers from Wikipedia, which gives a circumference (c) of c = 2 * * r = 40 030 km We wish to find the height (h) which is the drop in curvature over the distance (d) Using the circumference we find that 1 kilometer has the angle 360 / 40 030 km = 0.009. What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky. Oceanic crust is denser and thinner and mainly composed of basalt. The distance between Syene and Alexandria is 787 kilometers, Eratosthenes used the ancient Greek measurement of stadia, but his calculations use the proportionality of angles between two locations, so any system of measurement will work. The orbit of Earth ranges from 1.47 to 1.52 x 10 11 meters from the Sun. The accelerationwhich is gained by an object because of gravitational forceis called its acceleration due to gravity. The radius of the swimming pool water atom is roughly meters. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. Radius of sun is 695 500 km, so in meters you multiply by 1000. Earth radius is the distance from Earth's center to its surface, about 6,371 km (3,959 mi). The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Have your partner do the same in her location at the exact same time. w Both of these values are very close to the accepted modern values for the Earths circumference and radius, 40,070 km and 6378 km respectively, which have since been measured by orbiting spacecraft. a) The diameter of the earth is approximately 1.276 1 0 7 1.276 \times 10^7 1.276107 m in scientific notation. Eratosthenes' methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. Gravitational attraction from the Moon or Sun can cause the Earth's surface at a given point to vary by tenths of a meter over a nearly 12-hour period (see Earth tide). , which is defined to be 6,378.1km (3,963.2mi). However, Earth is not quite a sphere. The distance between locations are also part of the total circumference of the Earth. Now that the radius of orbit has been found, the height above the earth can be calculated. \text{Circumference} = 39,350 \text{\ kilometers}. 2. which differs from the exact result by less than 1m (4105in); the mean of the two axes. Start your trial now! What is the earths radius in meters?Earth radiusSI base unit6.3781106 mMetric system6,357 to 6,378 kmEnglish units3,950 to 3,963 miEarth radiusSI base unit6.3781106 mMetric system6,357 to 6,378 kmEnglish units3,950 to 3,963 miWhat is the radius of the earth?According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth {\displaystyle r} A few definitions yield values outside the range between polar radius and equatorial radius because they include local or geoidal topography or because they depend on abstract geometrical considerations. {\displaystyle w^{1}=\varphi } According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, Measure the Earth with Shadows, the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. N ), In geophysics, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) defines the Earth's arithmetic mean radius (denoted R1) to be[2], The factor of two accounts for the biaxial symmetry in Earth's spheroid, a specialization of triaxial ellipsoid. For Eratosthenes, at midday on the summer solstice where the suns angle was directly overhead, the angle was zero. At Baltimore, = 39.48o and the length is 111.16 km, nearly. Let us calculate area of earth using this formula area=4x22/76370= 5.110 4. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. When considering the Earth's real surface, on the other hand, it is uncommon to refer to a "radius", since there is generally no practical need. For this calculation, the longitude isn't needed. N The Earth's meridional radius of curvature at the equator equals the meridian's semi-latus rectum: The Earth's prime-vertical radius of curvature at the equator equals the equatorial radius, N = a. The value for the equatorial radius is defined to the nearest 0.1m in WGS-84. det With {\displaystyle r} In 1993 the WGS84 governing committee voted, with one exception, to retain the 1984 defining values, despite improvements to those defining values. What is the number in scientific notation? = After completing his degree, George worked as a postdoctoral researcher at CERN, the world's largest particle physics laboratory. How to Calculate the Circumference of the Earth? The extrema geocentric radii on the ellipsoid coincide with the equatorial and polar radii. Your email address will not be published. The circumference of the Earth depends on how it is measured. The bulge had been decreasing, but since 1998 the bulge has increased, possibly due to redistribution of ocean mass via currents. And we end up with 12.6 meters per second , Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the , Summary. r ( The nominal radius serves as a unit of length for astronomy. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earthis represented by the letter g. He was the first one to use the word geography and he also had a small-scale notion of the planet that helped him to determine the circumference of the earth. 1 Earths equatorial radius637816 m1 Earths equatorial radius6378160 m2 Earths equatorial radius12756320 m3 Earths equatorial radius19134480 m5 Earths equatorial radius31890800 m10 Earths equatorial radius63781600 m20 Earths equatorial radius127563200 m50 Earths equatorial radius318908000 m100 Earths equatorial radius637816000 m1000 Earths equatorial radius6378160000 mHow to Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter1 Earths equatorial radius = 6378160 m1 m = 1. A) 4.5 x 10-7 B) 4.5 x 107 C) 45 x 10-6 D) 45 x 106 | He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. And we divide that by Pi times 9.00 centimeters written as meters so centi is prefix meaning ten times minus two and we square that diameter. Also see the Table of Physical Units and Constants. Another global radius is the Earth's rectifying radius, giving a sphere with circumference equal to the perimeter of the ellipse described by any polar cross section of the ellipsoid. 1 The distance to the centre of the Earth has been taken as the volumetric mean radius of the Earth: 6,371km. 2 How do you find the radius of a gravitational field? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Radius of planet R = 2 x radius of earth = 2 x 6.4 x 10 6 m. G = gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10-11 N m 2 /kg 2. 6,371,000 metersThe value, symbolized rearth, is equal to approximately 6,371,000 meters (6.371 x 106 m). [e] For the Earth .mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1/q 289, which is close to the measured inverse flattening 1/f 298.257. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 149597870700 meters nearly This is 10-sd (significant digits) approximation. T The equatorial radius is most commonly used to calculate the volume of Earth, so as not to leave out any territory. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. That's between 28 and 29 Earths. R=6370 3. You must measure the angle of shadows in the two locations at the exact same time on the exact same day or the calculations will be erroneous. Earth, on the other hand, isn't quite a sphere. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. First of NASA's SunRISE SmallSats Rolls Off Production Line. A cylinder has a radius of 8 meters. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. If we were to plot this it would show (setting, G = M = m = R = 1, and including force direction): A simple spring oscillator To understand what this means we'll look at a simple spring oscillator. Example 2. When we rearrange the equation and plug all the numbers in, we find that the mass of the Earth is 5.96 1024 kg. What is the fluid speed in a fire hose with a 9.00 cm diameter carrying 80.0 l of water per second? Circumference of Earth is the length or the distance around the Earth. The equation for Keplers Third Law is P = a, so the period of a planets orbit (P) squared is equal to the size semi-major axis of the orbit (a) cubed when it is expressed in astronomical units. After many, many years, you will have some intuition for the physics you studied. nasa.gov. Thus, the radius of the earth in meters in scientific notation is 6.371106m. = The IUGG denotes the volumetric radius as R3. {\displaystyle R_{E}} a) Calculate the average density of the white dwarf. 371 106 meters (Earth radius 6. The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axes,[citation needed]. 1 What is the permiter of the Earth? Measured around the poles, the circumference is 40,007.863 km (24,859.734 mi). 6 m0. For best results, the minimum radius of the geofence should be set between 100 - 150 meters. Measurement of Earths circumference has been important to navigation since ancient times. Write it in scientific notation. Point B, which appears due east from A, will be closer to the equator than A. One can only adopt an idealized model. where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r In physics, it is established that the acceleration due togravity, g (in meters/sec 2), at a height h meters abovesea level is given by g(h)= 3.99 *10 14 (6.374* 10 6 + h) 2 where 6.374 * 10 6 isthe radius of the Earth in meters. Given you're looking for a simple formula, this is probably the simplest way to do it, assuming that the Earth is a sphere with a circumference of 40075 km. You have to use the distance from the center of the Earth, not the distance above Earth's surface, as the radius. The radius of the earth's orbit is 45,000,000 meters. less than 6400 km. to the plane tangent at What is the number in scientific notation? K One reason that our program is so strong is that our . Facts about the earth Since the earth is a sphere, we can measure its diameter and radius. In a geocentric ellipsoid, the center of the ellipsoid coincides with some computed center of Earth, and best models the earth as a whole. The Earth's Gaussian radius of curvature at latitude is:[12]. He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7. A partial surface of an ellipsoid gets fitted to the region, in which case the center and orientation of the ellipsoid generally do not coincide with the earth's center of mass or axis of rotation. Exercises. Earth's polar radius is 3,950 miles (6,356 km) a difference of 13 miles (22 km). Mathematically, Earth is a spheroid. At what distance above the surface of earth, the gravitational force will be reduced by 10%, if the radius of earth is 6370 Km. N Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. This requires an elliptic integral to find, given the polar and equatorial radii: The rectifying radius is equivalent to the meridional mean, which is defined as the average value of M:[14]. = When he's not busy exploring the mysteries of the universe, George enjoys hiking and spending time with his family.
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