See my longer comment elsewhere on this profile page. Ida's mother was Ida of Lorraine. 63 ratings rating ratings . This book offers a new appraisal of the ancestry and career of Godfrey of Bouillon (c.1060-1100), a leading participant in the First Crusade (1096-99), and the first ruler of Latin Jerusalem (1099-1100), the polity established by the crusaders after they captured the Holy City. Raymond of Toulouse refused to become king. A Muslim force under Kerbogha, from the city of Mosul, arrived and battled the Crusaders, but the Christians finally defeated these Islamic troops. Snell, Melissa. Godfrey of Bouillon's descendants include some of the most famous names in European history. The terms of the mortgage agreements he drew up in preparation for going to the Holy Land suggest that Godfrey had no intention of staying there. French nobleman and pre-eminent leader of the First Crusade, Born on 1058 Born Godefroy DE BOUILLON French nobleman and pre-eminent leader of the First Crusade Born on 1058 in Boulogne-sur-Mer , France Died on July 18, 1100 in Jrusalem , Israel Deceased on July 18 37 Family tree Report an error de THROUANNE Baudouin II 977 - 1033 de FRISE Adlade Adle Adlide 980 - 1045 de LOUVAIN Lambert 1er Le Barbu 955 - 1015 It was in Jerusalem that the legend of Godfrey of Bouillon was born. Early Life Once the city was returned to Christian rule, some form of government had to be set up. His features were pleasing, his beard and hair of medium blond.". On pages 159-164, Murray shows from contemporary documents that, even though the names "Geoffrey" and "Godfrey" share a common origin etymologically, nevertheless by the time that Geoffrey and Godfrey lived those two names were distinct and not interchangeable -- nor is Godfrey of Bouillon's name ever rendered in medieval documents using the forms Gauzfrid, Goisfrid, or Galfrid, which were the ways "Geoffrey" was spelled in those days. The Crusaders took Antioche and Edesse in 1099 and marched against Jerusalem. Half brother of Guillaume de Boulogne, btard fils de Eustace II; Hugues, fils btard dEustache II and Geoffroi de Boulogne, btard, seignuer de Carshalton, Cambridgeshire, Coton-Manor. In 1098 Godfrey took part in the capture of Antioch, which fell in June of that year after long and bitter fighting. Son of Eustace II aux Gernons de Boulogne, comte de Boulogne and Ida of Lotharingia Categories . A major test of Godfrey's leadership skills was shown in his battles to defend his inheritance against a significant array of enemies. Thank you. [30] In reality, Godfrey was only one of several leaders of the crusade, which also included Raymond IV of Toulouse, Bohemond of Taranto, Robert of Flanders, Stephen of Blois and Baldwin of Boulogne to name a few, along with papal legate Adhemar of Montiel, Bishop of Le Puy. [22] However, he preferred Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre to that of king, allegedly refusing to "wear a crown of gold where his Saviour had worn a crown of thorns. His motivations are unclear; he had never shown any notable devotion to the Church, and in the investiture controversy he had supported the German ruler against the pope. Husband of Doda (Lorraine) de Basse-Lotharingie married 1040 in Lower Lorraine, France Descendants Father of Ida (Lorraine) Boulogne , Godfrey (Lorraine) de Boulogne and Bertram (Verdun) de Verdun Died 24 Dec 1069 at about age 63 in Verdun, Meuse, Lorraine, France Profile manager: Thom Anderson [ send private message ] After this battle and during the trek through Asia Minor, some sources suggest that Godfrey was attacked by a bear and received a serious wound which incapacitated him for a time.[21]. Wrong username or password. Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. The Byzantine emperor wanted the help of the Crusader soldiers to recapture lands that the Seljuk Turks had taken. Godofredo de Bouilln (Boulogne-sur-Mer, Francia, o Baisy-Thy, Provincia del Brabante Valn?, c. 1060 - Jerusaln, 18 de julio de 1100) fue uno de los principales jefes de la Primera Cruzada. Godfrey of Bouillon (French: Godefroy, Dutch: Godfried, German: Gottfried, Latin: Godefridus Bullionensis; 1060 18 July 1100) was a French nobleman and pre-eminent leader of the First Crusade. Godfrey was among the first to take the cross, together with his two brothers, Eustache and Baldwin (1096). [6] As second son, he had fewer opportunities than his older brother. This cycle connected his ancestors to the legend of the Knight of the Swan,[4] most famous today as the storyline of Wagner's opera Lohengrin. Significant forces also accompanied Bohemond of Taranto, a Norman knight from southern Italy, and Robert II, Count of Flanders. Godfreys parents were Count Eustace II of Boulogne and Ida, daughter of Duke Godfrey II of Lower Lorraine. First ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100, he avoided the title of king, preferring that of prince (princeps) and Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, or Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre. Lacking sufficient men to invest the entire city, the Crusaders deployed opposite Jerusalem's northern and western walls. Godefroi was confirmed as ruler in Jerusalem at Christmas 1099 by Patriarch Daibert. He was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine (daughter of Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine and his wife, Doda[1]%29 and never married.[2]. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Godfrey research. Godfrey now lacked support and guidance in governing the city, and the arrival of papal legate Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, complicated matters. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. [5] He was probably born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, although one 13th-century chronicler cites Baisy, a town in what is now Walloon Brabant, Belgium. Godfrey of Bouillon was a Frank born in about the year 1060. Once the city was returned to Christian rule, some form of government had to be set up. The French crusader Godfrey of Bouillon (ca. William of Tyre records "Godefridus Lotharingi dux" as brother of Baudouin and Eustache, and son of Comte Eustache and of Ida sister of Godefroi "Struma" Duke of Lotharingia. Baldwin's brother, Godfrey II, was the Duke of Lorraine. Godfrey of Bouillon, French Godefroi de Bouillon, (born c. 1060died July 18, 1100, kingdom of Jerusalem [now Jerusalem, Israel]), duke of Lower Lorraine (as Godfrey IV; 1089-1100) and a leader of the First Crusade, who became the first Latin ruler in Palestine after the capture of Jerusalem from the Muslims in July 1099. [4] Some of the original chroniclers used the more ambiguous term princeps, or his previous rank of duke. Source: Douglas Richardson. For them, Alexius I and his Turks were only a sideshow. Since the mid-19th century, an equestrian statue of Godfrey of Bouillon has stood in the centre of the Place Royale/Koningsplein in Brussels, Belgium. Godfrey (or Godefrid) II (965-1023), called the Childless, son of Godfrey I, Count of Verdun (d. 1002). On his death he was succeeded by his brother Baldwin I. The title of Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, or Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre, has been ascribed to Godfrey of Bouillon in his role as the first Latin ruler of Jerusalem. He was joined by his older brother, Eustace, and his younger brother, Baldwin, who had no lands in Europe and was seeking them in the Holy Land. No longer were the Seljuk Turks the rulers of these lands. He married (2nd) [Saint] Ida of Verdun, daughter of Godfrey I, by his 1st wife, Doda. I have been back and forth on this subject, and had been fairly recently convinced "once and for all" by Wikipedia that William was the son of Godfrey's brother. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087. reversed); and three illegitimate sons, Geoffrey, called "Godefroy", lord of. He married twice, but the names of his two wives are unknown, By his first marriage, he had a son Faramus, and presumably his other children, including his younger two sons, Eustache ans Simon, and his daughter, Rohese. She authored the forward for "The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Crusades.". The crusading army reached Jerusalem 7 Jun 1099 and captured the city 15 Jul 1099. New York: Robert Appleton Company. This book offers a new appraisal of the ancestry and career of Godfrey of Bouillon (c.1060-1100), a leading participant in the First Crusade (1096-99), and the first ruler of Latin Jerusalem (1099-1100), the polity established by the crusaders after they captured the Holy City. This would make Jerusalem the subject of an ongoing power struggle for years to come. His son, Baldwin I, was the first king of the crusader state of Jerusalem. During the winter, the crusading army came close to starvation and many returned to Europe, while Alexios assumed all was lost at Antioch and failed to provide them with supplies as promised. Godfrey, of Bouillon, approximately 1060-1100 -- Romances, Swan knight (Legendary character) -- Romances Publisher Barcelona : Castalia Ediciones Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks Digitizing sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation Contributor Internet Archive Language Spanish; Romance Major children and living persons must directly contact the, Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1), Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1, List of all individuals in the family tree, {{ 'gw_downgraded_access_back_to_max'|translate }}, Born in1060 - Baisy-Thy, Brussels, Belgium, Deceased 18July1100 - Jerusalem, Israel,aged 40years old. He was most often known as "GODEFROI de Bouillon", after this inherited castle. Godfrey of Bouillon led a troop of Lotharingian knights. [28], Suggestions he was poisoned are unlikely and it is more probable he died from a disease similar to typhoid. He was strong beyond compare, with solidly-built limbs and a stalwart chest. It was later believed that the emir of Caesarea had poisoned him, but there seems to be no basis for this rumour; William of Tyre does not mention it. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. [12], Pope Urban II's call for the crusade spurred a wave of antisemitism across Europe, beginning with Rouen in December 1095. The Arab chronicler Ibn al-Qalanisi reported that "In this year [1099], Godfrey, lord of Jerusalem, appeared before the fortified port of 'Akk [Acre] and made an assault upon it, but was struck by an arrow, which killed him". According to William of Tyre, the later 12th-century chronicler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Godfrey was "tall of stature, not extremely so, but still taller than the average man. He endowed the hospital in the Muristan after the First Crusade. This information is part of Genealogy Richard Remm, The Hague, Netherlands by Richard Remm on Genealogy Online. Godfrey of Bouillon - History's Greatest Knight - documentary Real Crusades History 248K subscribers Subscribe 43K views 2 years ago The Crusades in the Late 11th Century Godfrey of Bouillon: a. Godfrey of Bouillon was a medieval Frankish nobleman best known for his role as one of the main leaders during the First Crusade. Source: Douglas Richardson. His elder brother, Eustace III, inherited Boulogne and the family's estate in England. [5] He was probably born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, although one 13th-century chronicler cites Baisy, a town in what is now Walloon Brabant, Belgium. Godfrey arranged truces with the Muslim maritime cities of Ascalon, Caesarea, and Acre and successfully beat off an Egyptian attack. ES is probably following the reasoning of "Wagner" mentioned above by AR. However, he refused to take the title, claiming that no man should ever wear a crown where Christ has worn his crown of thorns. He was one of the leaders in the first Crusade in 1096-1099, answering to the call of pope Urban II to liberate the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. After his death, Godfrey became the subject of legends and songs, thanks in large part to his height, his fair hair and his good looks. Before that time, he helped to relieve the vanguard at the Battle of Dorylaeum after it had been pinned down by the Seljuk Turks under Kilij Arslan I, with the help of the other crusader princes in the main force and went on to sack the Seljuk camp. In 2005 he came in 17th place in the French language Le plus grand Belge, a public vote of national heroes in Belgium. Hello, in line with current project guidelines related to significant profiles, I've added the EuroAristo project as a manager on this profile. The Niece of Godfrey de Bouillon Ida of Boulogne was the sister of Godfrey de Boulogne. Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. "Godfrey of Bouillon, First Crusader." Alexius I, hearing of the desperate situation, thought that all was lost at Antioch and did not come to help the Crusaders as promised. By William of Tyre's time later in the 12th century, Godfrey was already a legend among the descendants of the original crusaders. A hundred years hence, our belief in democracy and human rights might look equally incomprehensible to our descendants. The church windows shatter in a winter storm and the replacement glass no longer depicts Godfrey of Bouillon and the sinners in hell, . Dagobert may well have visualised turning Jerusalem into a fiefdom of the pope, however his full intentions are not clear. As a consequence of this successful military expedition to the Holy Land, Godfrey became the first ruler of the newly-established Kingdom of Jerusalem. But Emperor Henry IV delayed confirming the grant of Lower Lorraine, and Godfrey only won the duchy back in 1089, as a reward for fighting for Henry. He is best remembered as one of the leaders of the First Crusade that ended with the liberation of Jerusalem, and where he was made the first ruler of the newly created Kingdom of Jerusalem. His features were pleasing, his beard and hair of medium blond.". After the liberation of Jerusalem in 1099, Godfrey became the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, although he refused the title "king" as he said that title belonged to God. When the Holy City had, by the superabundant grace of the Lord, been restored and affairs had returned to a more or less tranquil state, the army spent seven days rejoicing greatly, With spiritual gladness and fear of the Lord. I see that this profile presents the old interesting but insufficiently supported speculation that Godfrey, 1st King of Jerusalem, was identical with Geoffrey de Boulogne who otherwise would be Godfrey's half-brother. [Ancestral Roots]. He should appear with some frequency in the English records, for his son, Faramus, held extensive estates in widely separated parts of England (Somerset, Surrey, Essex, Oxford, Buckinghamshire, Suffolk, probably Kent and Northumberland). Godfrey became duke of Lorraine in 1076 at the age of eighteen. They had one son, William. Shortly thereafter, Godfrey and his fellow crusaders beat back a force of encroaching Egyptians. When Raymond of Toulouse declined to become king of Jerusalem, Godfrey accepted the crown but refused the title of king and was called instead Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri (Defender of the Holy Sepulchre). Eustache II, married (1st) before 1049 Goda Of England, widow of Dreux, (died 1035), and daughter of Aethelred II, King of England, by Emma, daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy. While the holdings of Geoffrey de Mandeville were not nearly as great as those of Eustace of Boulogne, he was a very substantial landholder in 11 counties and his daughter a suitable match for "Godfrey" who had already inherited a great deal from his maternal uncle. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Godfrey and his troops played a minor role, with Bohemond successfully commanding much of the action but as the Crusaders were about to storm the city, they noticed the Byzantine flag flying from the top of the walls. Godfrey took out loans on most of his lands, or sold them, to the bishop of Lige and the bishop of Verdun. That De Mandeville would have alienated property in order to give his daughter in marriage to a bastard son of Count Eustace, lacking any substantial prospects, is highly unlikely. As they travelled south into Palestine, the Crusaders faced a new enemy. He took part in actions at Nicaea, Dorylaeum and Antioch, before playing a key role during the capture of Jerusalem in 1099. Godfrey of Bouillon, with Tancred de Hauteville, gained victory at the Siege of Antioch which had lasted from October 1097 to June 1098 Godfrey of Bouillon and Tancred were among the first to mount the ramparts during the capture of Jerusalem Godfrey of Bouillon was elected king of Jerusalem on July 22 1099 Dedications to Godfrey of Bouillon (2 F) G Godfrey of Bouillon in art (8 C, 1 F) S Siege of Antioch (54 F) Siege of Jerusalem 1099 (1 C, 29 F) T Tomb of Godfrey of Bouillon (6 F) Media in category "Godfrey of Bouillon" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. Dagobert was subsequently forced to crown Baldwin as the first Latin king of Jerusalem on 25 December 1100. After the successful siege of Jerusalem in 1099, Godfrey became the first ruler . Snell, Melissa. Adhemar, the papal legate and bishop of Le Puy, travelled with him. Godfrey reigned for just short of one year, dying of the plague on 18 July 1100, never having married or having had any children. He also faced opposition from Dagobert of Pisa, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, who was allied with Tancred. However, perhaps considering the controversy which had surrounded Tancred's seizure of Bethlehem, Godfrey refused to be crowned king in the city where Christ had died. Godfrey is 29 degrees from Jennifer Aniston, 29 degrees from Drew Barrymore, 29 degrees from Candice Bergen, 27 degrees from Alexandre Dumas, 29 degrees from Carrie Fisher, 39 degrees from Whitney Houston, 28 degrees from Hayley Mills, 28 degrees from Liza Minnelli, 28 degrees from Lisa Presley, 30 degrees from Kiefer Sutherland, 29 degrees from Bill Veeck and 32 degrees from Brian Nash on our single family tree. With Jerusalem thus secured at least for the time being most of the crusaders decided to return home. However his maternal uncle, Godfrey the Hunchback, died childless and named his nephew, Godfrey of Bouillon, as his heir and next in line to his Duchy of Lower Lorraine. Alexius I had made a separate peace with the Turks and now claimed the city for the Byzantine Empire. Godfrey also acknowledged himself as a vassal of Daimbert, patriarch of Jerusalem, thus laying the foundation for future struggles between lay and ecclesiastical figures who sought to control the kingdom. When Alexios demanded an oath of loyalty, Godfrey and most of the Crusaders agreed a modified version in which they promised to restore some lands to the Emperor, Raymond of Toulouse being a notable exception. Godfrey never married. Aafje Jans Punt was born about 1737 in Lagedijk, Schagen, Noord-Holland, Nederland. to Count Eustace II of Boulogne and his wife Ida, who was the daughter of Duke Godfrey II of Lower Lorraine. Eustache II, died in or before 1088. In this he was joined by his older brother, Eustace, and his younger brother, Baldwin, who had no lands in Europe. At the head of the great captains who commanded in this crusade, history, as well as poetry, must place Godfrey de Bouillon, duke of the Lower Lorraine. [20], Godfrey continued to play a minor, but important, role in the battles against the Seljuks until the Crusaders finally reached Jerusalem in 1099. In fiction, he was the hero of the "Crusade cycle", a collection of French chansons de geste dealing with the First Crusade, which connected him to the legend of the Knight of the Swan,[31] most famous today as the storyline of Wagner's opera Lohengrin. Children of William of Boulogne, by _____: It should be kept in mind that David Kelley's arguments in support of the conjecture that Godfrey, Defender of the Holy Sepulchre, was the same as the Geoffrey de Boulogne who married Beatrice de Mandeville do not at all "prove" that Godfrey and Geoffrey are identical. He was designated heir by his maternal uncle, on whose death in 1076 he inherited the county of Verdun, the allods of Stenay and Mouzay, and the castle of Bouillon with its dependencies. Godfrey of Bouillon, First Crusader. (Wagner considers Godfrey, father of William (No. Godfrey was the second son of Count Eustace II of Boulogne and Ida of Lorraine. [27] While this claim is repeated in other Muslim sources, it does not appear in Christian chronicles; Albert of Aix and Ekkehard of Aura suggest Godfrey fell ill while visiting Caesarea in June 1100 and died in Jerusalem on 18 July. In their progress through the Holy Land, some of the Crusaders took a detour to find allies and supplies, and they ended up establishing a settlement in Edessa. Godfrey served Henry IV loyally, supporting him even when Pope Gregory VII was battling the German king in the Investiture Controversy. Second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, Godfrey became Lord of Bouillon in 1076 and in 1087 Emperor Henry IV confirmed him as Duke of Lower Lorraine, a reward for his support during the Great Saxon Revolt. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Godfrey, with his brothers Eustace and Baldwin, joined the First Crusade in 1096. Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. Following long struggles, and after proving that he was a loyal subject to Henry IV, Godfrey finally won back his duchy of Lower Lorraine in 1087. The Crusaders however had the main aim of liberating the Holy Land in Palestine from the Muslims and reinstating Christian rule there. Godfrey was the second son of Count Eustace II of Boulogne and Ida of Lorraine. kelebogile Mhlongo . During his short reign, Godfrey had to defend the new kingdom against the Fatimids of Egypt, who were defeated at the Battle of Ascalon in August. ThoughtCo, Oct. 6, 2021, thoughtco.com/godfrey-of-bouillon-1788906. At Dorylaeum in July 1097, he helped relieve the vanguard at Dorylaeum which had been pinned down by a Turkish force under Kilij Arslan I, then sacked their camp. This book offers a new appraisal of the ancestry and career of Godfrey of Bouillon (c.1060-1100), a leading participant in the First Crusade (1096-99), and the first ruler of Latin Jerusalem (1099-1100), the polity established by the crusaders after they captured the Holy City. Murray also shows that identifying Geoffrey as Godgifu's son is also in agreement with the known chronology of Geoffrey and his son William. It is extremely unlikely that 'maritagium', the term used for Goisfrid's marriage, would be applied to a union which was in any way irregular. In 1095 Pope Urban II called for military action in order to liberate Jerusalem and aid the Byzantine Empire, which in the years since 1071 had lost large swathes of territory to the Seljuk Empire. I would add that if Geoffrey were a son of the English princess Godgifu, the identity and rank of his *English* mother would have been especially attractive to the Norman family of Mandeville which had acquired vast land holdings in England. After months of waiting, the common people on the crusade forced Raymond to march on to Jerusalem, and Godfrey quickly joined him. Godfrey's sword is given satirical mention in Mark Twain's "Innocents Abroad" (1869). The Dukes of Lorraine proudly claim to be descendants of Godfrey of Bouillon, who was Duke of Lower-Lorraine (Lothier) from 1089 to 1095. Enter a grandparent's name. By an unidentified mistress (or mistresses), he had two illegitimate sons, Geoffrey and Eustace (I) Garnier. Out of humility, however, he eschewed the royal title, instead assuming the title of Advocate or Defender of the Holy Sepulcher. De naam "Godevaert van Bullioen, koning van Jeruzalem" staat onderaan op zijn ruiterstandbeeld op het Koningsplein te Brussel, vlak bij het koninklijk paleis en de koninklijke kerk van SInt-Jacob-op-den-Koudenberg. In 1096, Godfrey joined the First Crusade with Eustace and his younger brother, Baldwin. When the city finally fell, Bohemond claimed it for himself and refused to hand it over to the Emperor citing the Emperor's failure to help the crusaders at Antioch as breaking the oath; after repulsing a Muslim force from Mosul led by Kerbogha, Antioch was secured. Title of Godfrey of Bouillon. The Pope had, in fact, called the Crusade in order to help the Byzantine emperor Alexius I fight the Islamic Turks who were invading his lands from Central Asia and Persia. Albert of Aix records that "Godefridus dux regni Lotharingifraterque eius uterinus Baldewinus, Warnerus de Greis cognatus ipsius Ducis, Baldewinus pariter de Burch, Reinhardus comes de Tul, Petrusfrater ipsius, Dodo de Cons, Henricus de Ascha ac frater illius Godefridus" left for Jerusalem in Aug 1096. It considers not only the military encounters between Muslims and crusaders, but also the personal, political, diplomatic, and trade interactions that godfrey of bouillon descendants. After this victory, the Crusaders were divided over their next course of action. His parentage is confirmed by an undated charter under which his grandson "Faramus filius Willielmi Boloni" confirmed donations to Okeburn Priory, Wiltshire by "Gaufridus filius comitis Eustacii de Bolonia avus meus, et Willielmus de Bolonia filius ipsius pater meus" [524]. It appears the Church dissolved and annulled that union due to consanguinity -- and if so, any children born of that unlawful marriage would have been illegitimate. Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. Worse, the Byzantine emperor expected the Crusaders to take an oath of loyalty to him. [11] Most of those from southern and northern France sailed from Brindisi across the Adriatic Sea, while Godfrey and his two brothers, leading an army from Lorraine reportedly 40,000 strong, set out in August 1096 following the route taken by the People's Crusade. Suddenly the Byzantine emperor had an army of about 4000 mounted knights and 25,000 infantry camped on his doorstep. The second and much more serious host of warriors, led by Godfrey of Bouillon, he conducted also into Asia, promising to supply them with provisions in return for an oath of homage, and by their victories recovered for the Empire a number of important cities and islands - Nicaea, Chios, Rhodes, Smyrna, Ephesus, Philadelphia, Sardis, and in fact most of Asia Minor (1097-1099). Omissions?
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