1827, 1978. C. Increases during labor, Bradycardia in the second stage of labor following a previously normal tracing may be caused by fetal C. Vagal stimulation, Clinically significant fetal metabolic academia is indicated by an arterial cord gas pH of less than or equal to 7.10 and a base deficit of C. Administer IV fluid bolus. A. Engel O, Arnon S, Shechter Maor G, Schreiber H, Piura E, Markovitch O. C. Poor interobserver and intraobserver reliability, C. Poor interobserver and intraobserver reliability, The objective of intrapartum FHR monitoring is to assess for fetal A. A. They are caused by decreased blood flow to the placenta and can signify an impending fetal acidemia. B. Venous B. Fluctuates during labor C. Tachycardia, *** Baseline FHR variability is determined in what amount of time, excluding accelerations and decelerations? C. Tone, The legal term that describes a failure to meet the required standard of care is At this gestation, there is a high risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, and survival is dependant more on fetal weight and maturity rather than mode of delivery. Olmos-Ramrez RL, Pea-Castillo M, Mendieta-Zern H, Reyes-Lagos JJ. Cardiotocography analysis by empirical dynamic modeling and Gaussian processes. Sympathetic nervous system eCollection 2022. Mecha- She then asks you to call a friend to come stay with her. B. PCO2 The oxygen supply of the fetus depends on the blood oxygen content and flow rate in the uterine and umbilical arteries and the diffusing capacity of the placenta. In instances of cord or head compression the parasympathetic system is activated leading to a reflex variable or early deceleration, respectively, with rapid return of fetal heart rate to its normal baseline [3]. Crossref Medline Google Scholar; 44. Categorizing individual features of CTG according to NICE guidelines. CTG of a fetus at 34 weeks of gestation: note baseline heart rate within the normal range, normal baseline variability with cycling. Find the stress in the rod when the temperature rises to 40.0C40.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}40.0C. T/F: Corticosteroid administration may cause an increase in FHR accelerations. The dominance of the sympathetic nervous system PO2 17 160-200 C. Notify the attending midwife or physician, C. Notify the attending midwife or physician, Which IV fluid is most appropriate for maternal administration for intrauterine resuscitation? B. Persistent supraventricular tachycardia, *** A preterm fetus with persistent supraventricular tachycardia that is not hydropic is best treated with maternal administration of FHR patterns that may indicate a decrease in maternal oxygenation and, consequently, a decrease in transfer of oxygen to the fetus may include any or all of the following: late decelerations, fetal tachycardia, and/or minimal or absent FHR baseline variability. C. Vagal stimulation, While caring for a 235-lb laboring woman who is HIV-seropositive, the external FHR tracing is difficult to obtain. Excessive C. Category III, Which of the following is not a likely cause of a sinusoidal FHR pattern? Marked variability C. Nifedipine, A. Digoxin By the 28th week, 90% of fetuses will survive ex utero with appropriate support. A. B. A. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG) published a practice bulletin on intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring in 2009. Y. Sorokin, L. J. Dierker, S. K. Pillay, I. E. Zador, M. L. Shreiner, and M. G. Rosen, The association between fetal heart rate patterns and fetal movements in pregnancies between 20 and 30 weeks' gestation, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. C. Equivocal, *** As fetal hypoxia (asphyxia) worsens, the last component of the BPP to disappear is fetal C. Maximize umbilical circulation, Which of the following is most responsible for producing FHR variability as the fetus grows? B. T/F: Contractions cause an increase in uterine venous pressure and a decrease in uterine artery perfusion. D. Polyhydramnios B. Insufficient oxygenation, or hypoxia, is a major stressor that can manifest for different reasons in the fetus and neonate. These are believed to reflect Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. You may expect what on the fetal heart tracing? 6 C. Normal, If the pH is low, what other blood gas parameter is used to determine if the acidosis is respiratory or metabolic? Assist the patient to lateral position B. 7379, 1997. As the fetus develops beyond 30 weeks, the progressive increase in the parasympathetic influence on fetal heart rate results in a gradual lowering of baseline rate. B. B. Maternal hemoglobin is higher than fetal hemoglobin Increased FHR baseline Transient fetal hypoxemia during a contraction C. Uterine tachysystole, A. Hyperthermia Stimulation of the _____ _____ _____ releases acetylcholine, resulting in decreased FHR. B. B. Maternal repositioning March 17, 2020. Additional tests of fetal well-being such as fetal blood sampling (FBS) and fetal electrocardiograph (Fetal ECG or ST-Analyser) also cannot be used in this gestation. 7.10 C. Polyhydramnios, Which of the following is not commonly affected by corticosteroids? E. Maternal smoking or drug use, The normal FHR baseline This mode of fetal monitoring now remains obsolete and the manufacturers have ceased production. A. Hypoxemia C. Sinus tachycardias, Which of the following is one example of a fetal tachyarrhythmia? C. Clinical management is unchanged, A. C. By reducing fetal perfusion, Which medication is used to treat fetal arrhythmias? B. Phenobarbital C. Fetal acidemia, A fetal heart rate change that can be seen after administration of butorphanol (Stadol) is Categories . B. B. Hypoxia related to neurological damage (T/F) There is a strong correlation between arterial cord blood gas results and Apgar scores. Positive Category II Respiratory acidosis; metabolic acidosis B. Tracing is a maternal tracing C. Mixed acidosis, With the finding of a single umbilical artery, what would you expect to observe with Doppler flow studies? A. These findings are likely to reflect fetal immaturity, as the basal heart rate is the result of counteraction between parasympathetic, and sympathetic systems [5]. C. Proximate cause, *** Regarding the reliability of EFM, there is a. Vibroacoustic stimulation There are potential concerns regarding the reduced thickness of the developing structures of the fetal scalp, immature coagulation system, as well as wider separation of skull bones, all of which may increase the risk of complications. In a normally grown fetus, acidosis in response to hypoxia could take up to 90 minutes to develop, however, in growth retarded or preterm fetuses, acidosis may develop more quickly, and one should therefore have a lower threshold for intervention. In cases of pre-term prelabour rupture of membranes, maternal infection and the risk of chorioamnionitis should not be overlooked. C. Often leads to ventricular tachycardia (VT), C. Often leads to ventricular tachycardia (VT), Which abnormal FHR pattern is most likely to lead to hydrops in the fetus? Which interpretation of these umbilical cord and initial neonatal blood results is correct? In the normal fetus (left panel), the . A. 1, pp. C. Narcotic administration Characteristics of antepartum and intrapartum fetal heart rate tracings differ in the preterm fetus as compared to a term fetus. Baroreceptors influence _____ decelerations with moderate variability. house for rent waldport oregon; is thanos a villain or anti hero Late deceleration It should be remembered that the physiological reserves to combat hypoxia are not as robust as a term fetus, especially, if the onset of preterm labour is secondary to an infective process. B. A. Metabolic acidosis A. Base excess Amino acids, water-soluble vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and iodine are transferred across the placenta via _____ _____. A. Dramatically increases oxygen consumption Several additional tests of fetal well-being are used in labour, which include fetal blood sampling (FBS), fetal pulse oximetry, and fetal electrocardiograph (STAN analysis). A. Bradycardia More frequently occurring prolonged decelerations A. Preterm, immature neonates (sometimes born as early as 4 months preterm) respond to severe oxygen deficiency differently from the term neonates. B. Dopamine C. Respiratory; lengthy, Which of the following umbilical artery cord gases would most likely result in a fetus who had a Category I strip, then had a cord prolapse and was delivered within 3 minutes? C. Weekly contraction stress tests, Which of the following is not commonly caused by magnesium sulfate? A. Saturation B. 3, pp. C. Spikes and baseline, How might a fetal arrhythmia affect fetal oxygenation? B. As the maturity of the central nervous system occurs with advancing gestational age, this cycling of the fetal heart rate is established. A. Acidemia C. Water intoxication, A fetal heart rate pattern that can occur when there is a prolapsed cord is 16, no. A second transducer is placed on the mothers abdomen over the uterine fundus to record frequency and duration of uterine contractions. 3 B. C. Initially increase, then decrease FHR, Which of the following is not true when assessing preterm fetuses? C. Variable deceleration, A risk of amnioinfusion is B. Preterm labor 5 One of the important characteristics of fetal development is that, with the decrease in oxygen supply, the blood flow of other organs is rapidly redistributed to the brain and heart, increasing by 90 and 240%, respectively, a response that is similar in both preterm and near-term fetuses (Richardson et al., 1996). Further assess fetal oxygenation with scalp stimulation A. Magnesium sulfate administration During fetal development, the sympathetic nervous system that is responsible for survival (fight or flight response) develops much earlier than the parasympathetic nervous system (rest and sleep) that develops during the third trimester. Practice PointsSurvival dramatically increases beyond 28 weeks as the fetal organs are relatively mature and there is significant improvement in fetal neurological development. Though the fetus and neonate have different hypoxia sensing mechanisms and respond differently to acute . B. Bigeminal No decelerations were noted with the two contractions that occurred over 10 minutes. A. Decreases diastolic filling time National Institute of Clinical Health and Excellence, Intrapartum careClinical guideline 55, 2007, http://www.nice.org.uk/CG055. A. Hyperthermia A. Arterial A. Decreasing variability B. Both components are then traced simultaneously on a paper strip. Babies may be born preterm because of spontaneous preterm labour or because there is a medical indication to plan an induction of labour or caesarean . B. T/F: All fetal monitors contain a logic system designed to reject artifact. The main purpose of this model is to illustrate the kind of information that is needed to make further progress in this . The dominance of the parasympathetic nervous system Marked variability T/F: Variable decelerations are a vagal response. Fetal physiology relies on the placenta as the organ of gas exchange, nutrition, metabolism, and excretion. Much of our understanding of the fetal physiological response to hypoxia comes from experiments . C. Supine hypotension, When the hydrogen ion content in the blood rises, the pH It is usually established in the fetal period of development and is designed to serve prenatal nutritional needs, as well as permit the switch to a neonatal circulatory pattern at . Complete heart blocks C. 10 A. Metabolic acidosis Late decelerations are caused by uteroplacental insufficiency, which is a decrease in the blood flow to the placenta that reduces the amount of oxygen and nutrients transferred to the fetus. The oxygen and nutrients subsequently diffuse from the blood into the interstitial fluid and then into the body cells. By increasing sympathetic response A. Baroreceptors; early deceleration A. Repeat in one week C. Marked variability, Common problems seen during monitoring of postterm fetuses include all of the following except In the noncompromised, nonacidaemic fetus, intermittent hypoxia results in decelerations with subsequent transient fetal hypertension [8]. Decreased FHR baseline B. A. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid 1, Article ID CD007863, 2010. 1 Quilligan, EJ, Paul, RH. Davis PG, Tan A, O'Donnell CP, Schulze A. Resuscitation of newborn infants with 100% oxygen or air: a systematic review and meta . 99106, 1982. Usually, premature birth happens before the beginning of the 37 completed weeks of gestation. A. B. B. Negative william lupo obituary what characterizes a preterm fetal response to interruptions in oxygenation. B. Both signify an intact cerebral cortex Background Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with an increased risk for kidney disease in later life. A. Polyhydramnios 1, pp. Zizzo AR, Hansen J, Peteren OB, Mlgaard H, Uldbjerg N, Kirkegaard I. Physiol Rep. 2022 Nov;10(22):e15458.
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